Monday, January 25, 2021

How About Calculating Some Moles and Grams?

 General Chemistry Index

Where are we going with this? This page will give the ability to demonstrate an understanding of the law of conservation of mass through the use of particle diagrams and mathematical models.


How About Calculating Some Moles and Grams?
Let's take another look at this stoichiometry thing… 

The essence here is that we are dealing with the quantities of stuff that goes into a chemical reaction. How much of one thing reacts with another thing and how much of what is produced?

Let's get some numbers that are nice and round (and that you can't Google)


Substance

Mass

Ft - Fictionite

10

M - Madeupnium

30

Lg - Legendite

15

Hc - Howcomeium

5

N - Nowayium

12

NHc (Polyatomic ion)



And… a problem to work through… Let's do grams given…


If 5.0 grams of FtM2 is completely reacted with LgNHc without leftovers, how many grams of the second substance is needed?



Copy this page onto paper, filling in the boxes and doing the calculations…



STEP 1: Balance the reaction by finding the coefficients that result in the conservation of matter. Type the coefficients in the boxes provided.

 FtM2 +  LgNHc -->  Ft(NHc)2 +   LgM

Step 2: Find the expected molar ratio from the coefficients(You'll use this in step 4, below).

The coefficients from Step 1 represent a molar ratio of how the compound will combine. It can be thought of as a "recipe" of moles. 


Step 3: Molar Masses

You will need the molar mass of what is given, so might as well just get the molar masses of everything.

Calculate Molar Masses

FtM2   : LgNHc =   --> Ft(NHc)2.   : LgM =  



Step 4: Find the actual moles of whatever is given:

Recall that moles can be found several ways; See Step 3 here.

In this problem, use the grams given with the molar mass of the substance to find moles:

Moles = grams / molar mass

Moles present of given substance = grams given / molar mass

Moles present of given substance 


Step 5: Find what proportion of the expected moles is actually given
• So, the coefficients in Step 1 are the moles expected.
• The actual number of moles present was calculated in Step 3.

Some proportion of the "recipe" is present.

Ratio Multiplier = moles present / moles expected of the given

Ratio Multiplier = 


Step 6: Find the molar ratio of what you actually are working with based on what was given.

Now, we take the expected ratio (coefficients from Step 2) and multiply it by the ratio multiplier to find the ratio we are actually working with (present ratio or working ratio):

(The numbers below are the SAME as the coefficients above in step 1).

 :  -->  :   Expected Molar Ratio (Coefficients from Step 2)

 Ratio Multiplier

________________________________________

 :  -->  :   Present, Working Molar Ratio




Step 7: Find  whatever you are supposed to find from the working molar ratio.

To find masses…

Multiply the present, working molar ratio (Step 6) by the molar masses (Step 3) to get grams present / needed / produced.

 :  -->  :   Grams present / needed / produced.


To find gas volume at STP…

Multiply the present, working molar ratio (Step 6) by 22.4 to get liters of gas at STP.

 :  -->  :   liters of gas at STP.


If working with Molarity in a solution…

Where M is molarity, n is number of moles, and V is volume in liters

M = n/v

So,

M =  present, working molar ratio (Step 6) ÷ V






What would that look like on paper with a real equation? (As if you can read the handwriting…)

Starting with .5 grams of hydrogen gas, how much oxygen gas would be needed and how much water would be produced?



























LINK TO TEMPLATE—Click Here

________________________
Spoiler alert! Answers to the walkthrough follow!



STEP 1: Balance the reaction by finding the coefficients that result in the conservation of matter (The "1"s in green would not normally be written).


1FtM2 +2LgNHc --> 1Ft(NHc)2 + 2 LgM

Step 2: Find the expected molar ratio from the coefficients(You'll use this in step 4, below).

The coefficients represent a molar ratio of how the compound will combine. It can be thought of as a "recipe" of moles. 

1: 2 --> 1:2

Step 3: Molar Masses

You will need the molar mass of what is given, so might as well just get the molar masses of everything.

Calculate Molar Masses

FtM2  = 70 : LgNHc = 32 --> Ft(NHc)2. = 44 : LgM = 45 

Step 4: Find the actual moles of whatever is given:

Recall that moles can be found several ways; See Step 3 here.

In this problem, use the grams given with the molar mass of the substance to find moles:

Moles = grams / molar mass

Moles present of given substance = grams given / molar mass

Moles present of given substance = 5 / 70
Moles present of given substance = 0.071

 


Step 5: Find what proportion of the expected moles is actually given
• So, the coefficients in Step 1 are the moles expected.

1: 2 --> 1:2

• The actual number of moles present was calculated in Step 3.


Some proportion of the "recipe" is present.

Ratio Multiplier = moles of given present / moles if given expected

Ratio Multiplier = 0.071 1
Ratio Multiplier = 0.071



Step 6: Find the molar ratio of what you actually are working with based on what was given.

Now, we take the expected ratio (coefficients from Step 2) and multiply it by the ratio multiplier (Step 5) to find the ratio we are actually working with (present ratio or working ratio):

(The numbers below are the SAME as the coefficients above in step 1).

1             2          -->    1         :         2               Expected Molar Ratio (Coefficients from Step 2) 
 
                                                  X  0.071 
 
0.071  :   0.142.     -->   0.071   :   0.142            Present, Working Molar Ratio




Step 7: Find  whatever you are supposed to find from the working molar ratio.

To find masses…

Multiply the present, working molar ratio (Step 6) by the molar masses (Step 3) to get grams present / needed / produced.


FtM2  = 70 : LgNHc = 32        -->   Ft(NHc)2  = 44     :    LgM = 45  Molar Masses
 
0.071          :    0.142.               -->       0.071                :      0.142     Present, Working Molar Ratio

FtM2  = 5.   :  LgNHc = 4.57   -->   Ft(NHc)2. = 3.14   :  LgM = 6.43   Grams present / needed / produced.


____________________________
To find gas volume at STP…

Multiply the present, working molar ratio (Step 6) by 22.4 to get liters of gas at STP.

0.071              :    0.142            -->       0.071              :     0.142     Present, Working Molar Ratio
 
                                                                                        X 22.4 
 
FtM2  = 1.6    :    LgNHc = 3.2   --> Ft(NHc)2. = 1.6   :   LgM = 3.2  liters of gas at STP.



____________________________
If working with Molarity in a solution…

Where M is molarity, n is number of moles, and V is volume in liters

M = n/v

So, 

M =  present, working molar ratio (Step 6) ÷ V






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